Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages.
Identifieur interne : 000130 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000129; suivant : 000131Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages.
Auteurs : Yufeng Fang [États-Unis] ; Marco A. Coelho [États-Unis] ; Haidong Shu [République populaire de Chine] ; Klaas Schotanus [États-Unis] ; Bhagya C. Thimmappa [Inde] ; Vikas Yadav [États-Unis] ; Han Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Ewa P. Malc [États-Unis] ; Jeremy Wang [États-Unis] ; Piotr A. Mieczkowski [États-Unis] ; Brent Kronmiller [États-Unis] ; Brett M. Tyler [États-Unis] ; Kaustuv Sanyal [Inde] ; Suomeng Dong [République populaire de Chine] ; Minou Nowrousian [Allemagne] ; Joseph Heitman [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS genetics [ 1553-7404 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Alveolata (génétique), Centromère (génétique), Centromère (métabolisme), Chromatine (génétique), Histone (génétique), Hétérochromatine (génétique), Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine (méthodes), Kinétochores (métabolisme), Kinétochores (physiologie), Oomycetes (génétique), Phytophthora (génétique), Phytophthora (métabolisme), Protéine A du centromère (génétique), Protéines chromosomiques nonhistones (génétique), Rhizaria (génétique), Straménopiles (génétique), Ségrégation des chromosomes (génétique).
- MESH :
- génétique : Alveolata, Centromère, Chromatine, Histone, Hétérochromatine, Oomycetes, Phytophthora, Protéine A du centromère, Protéines chromosomiques nonhistones, Rhizaria, Straménopiles, Ségrégation des chromosomes.
- métabolisme : Centromère, Kinétochores, Phytophthora.
- méthodes : Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine.
- physiologie : Kinétochores.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Alveolata (genetics), Centromere (genetics), Centromere (metabolism), Centromere Protein A (genetics), Chromatin (genetics), Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (methods), Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone (genetics), Chromosome Segregation (genetics), Heterochromatin (genetics), Histones (genetics), Kinetochores (metabolism), Kinetochores (physiology), Oomycetes (genetics), Phytophthora (genetics), Phytophthora (metabolism), Rhizaria (genetics), Stramenopiles (genetics).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Centromere Protein A, Chromatin, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Heterochromatin, Histones.
- genetics : Alveolata, Centromere, Chromosome Segregation, Oomycetes, Phytophthora, Rhizaria, Stramenopiles.
- metabolism : Centromere, Kinetochores, Phytophthora.
- methods : Chromatin Immunoprecipitation.
- physiology : Kinetochores.
Abstract
Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromere DNA sequences are diverse and often repetitive, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in an oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P. sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report an improved genome assembly of the P. sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on a subset of these regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P. sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the histone modification H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Strikingly, we discovered a Copia-like transposon (CoLT) that is highly enriched in the CENP-A chromatin. Similar clustered elements are also found in oomycete relatives of P. sojae, and may be applied as a criterion for prediction of oomycete centromeres. This work reveals a divergence of centromere features in oomycetes as compared to other organisms in the Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria (SAR) supergroup including diatoms and Plasmodium falciparum that have relatively short and simple regional centromeres. Identification of P. sojae centromeres in turn also advances the genome assembly.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008646
PubMed: 32150559
PubMed Central: PMC7082073
Affiliations:
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Tyler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanyal, Kaustuv" sort="Sanyal, Kaustuv" uniqKey="Sanyal K" first="Kaustuv" last="Sanyal">Kaustuv Sanyal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangalore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Suomeng" sort="Dong, Suomeng" uniqKey="Dong S" first="Suomeng" last="Dong">Suomeng Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nowrousian, Minou" sort="Nowrousian, Minou" uniqKey="Nowrousian M" first="Minou" last="Nowrousian">Minou Nowrousian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lehrstuhl fuer Molekulare und Zellulaere Botanik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Lehrstuhl fuer Molekulare und Zellulaere Botanik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heitman, Joseph" sort="Heitman, Joseph" uniqKey="Heitman J" first="Joseph" last="Heitman">Joseph Heitman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32150559</idno><idno type="pmid">32150559</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008646</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7082073</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000252</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000252</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000252</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000252</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000252</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages.</title><author><name sortKey="Fang, Yufeng" sort="Fang, Yufeng" uniqKey="Fang Y" first="Yufeng" last="Fang">Yufeng Fang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coelho, Marco A" sort="Coelho, Marco A" uniqKey="Coelho M" first="Marco A" last="Coelho">Marco A. Coelho</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, Haidong" sort="Shu, Haidong" uniqKey="Shu H" first="Haidong" last="Shu">Haidong Shu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schotanus, Klaas" sort="Schotanus, Klaas" uniqKey="Schotanus K" first="Klaas" last="Schotanus">Klaas Schotanus</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thimmappa, Bhagya C" sort="Thimmappa, Bhagya C" uniqKey="Thimmappa B" first="Bhagya C" last="Thimmappa">Bhagya C. Thimmappa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangalore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yadav, Vikas" sort="Yadav, Vikas" uniqKey="Yadav V" first="Vikas" last="Yadav">Vikas Yadav</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Han" sort="Chen, Han" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Han" last="Chen">Han Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malc, Ewa P" sort="Malc, Ewa P" uniqKey="Malc E" first="Ewa P" last="Malc">Ewa P. Malc</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jeremy" sort="Wang, Jeremy" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jeremy" last="Wang">Jeremy Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mieczkowski, Piotr A" sort="Mieczkowski, Piotr A" uniqKey="Mieczkowski P" first="Piotr A" last="Mieczkowski">Piotr A. Mieczkowski</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kronmiller, Brent" sort="Kronmiller, Brent" uniqKey="Kronmiller B" first="Brent" last="Kronmiller">Brent Kronmiller</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler, Brett M" sort="Tyler, Brett M" uniqKey="Tyler B" first="Brett M" last="Tyler">Brett M. Tyler</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanyal, Kaustuv" sort="Sanyal, Kaustuv" uniqKey="Sanyal K" first="Kaustuv" last="Sanyal">Kaustuv Sanyal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangalore</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Suomeng" sort="Dong, Suomeng" uniqKey="Dong S" first="Suomeng" last="Dong">Suomeng Dong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nowrousian, Minou" sort="Nowrousian, Minou" uniqKey="Nowrousian M" first="Minou" last="Nowrousian">Minou Nowrousian</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Lehrstuhl fuer Molekulare und Zellulaere Botanik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Lehrstuhl fuer Molekulare und Zellulaere Botanik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heitman, Joseph" sort="Heitman, Joseph" uniqKey="Heitman J" first="Joseph" last="Heitman">Joseph Heitman</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS genetics</title><idno type="eISSN">1553-7404</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Alveolata (genetics)</term><term>Centromere (genetics)</term><term>Centromere (metabolism)</term><term>Centromere Protein A (genetics)</term><term>Chromatin (genetics)</term><term>Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (methods)</term><term>Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone (genetics)</term><term>Chromosome Segregation (genetics)</term><term>Heterochromatin (genetics)</term><term>Histones (genetics)</term><term>Kinetochores (metabolism)</term><term>Kinetochores (physiology)</term><term>Oomycetes (genetics)</term><term>Phytophthora (genetics)</term><term>Phytophthora (metabolism)</term><term>Rhizaria (genetics)</term><term>Stramenopiles (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alveolata (génétique)</term><term>Centromère (génétique)</term><term>Centromère (métabolisme)</term><term>Chromatine (génétique)</term><term>Histone (génétique)</term><term>Hétérochromatine (génétique)</term><term>Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine (méthodes)</term><term>Kinétochores (métabolisme)</term><term>Kinétochores (physiologie)</term><term>Oomycetes (génétique)</term><term>Phytophthora (génétique)</term><term>Phytophthora (métabolisme)</term><term>Protéine A du centromère (génétique)</term><term>Protéines chromosomiques nonhistones (génétique)</term><term>Rhizaria (génétique)</term><term>Straménopiles (génétique)</term><term>Ségrégation des chromosomes (génétique)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Centromere Protein A</term><term>Chromatin</term><term>Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone</term><term>Heterochromatin</term><term>Histones</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Alveolata</term><term>Centromere</term><term>Chromosome Segregation</term><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora</term><term>Rhizaria</term><term>Stramenopiles</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Alveolata</term><term>Centromère</term><term>Chromatine</term><term>Histone</term><term>Hétérochromatine</term><term>Oomycetes</term><term>Phytophthora</term><term>Protéine A du centromère</term><term>Protéines chromosomiques nonhistones</term><term>Rhizaria</term><term>Straménopiles</term><term>Ségrégation des chromosomes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Centromere</term><term>Kinetochores</term><term>Phytophthora</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromatin Immunoprecipitation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Centromère</term><term>Kinétochores</term><term>Phytophthora</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Immunoprécipitation de la chromatine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Kinétochores</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Kinetochores</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromere DNA sequences are diverse and often repetitive, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in an oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P. sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report an improved genome assembly of the P. sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on a subset of these regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P. sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the histone modification H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Strikingly, we discovered a Copia-like transposon (CoLT) that is highly enriched in the CENP-A chromatin. Similar clustered elements are also found in oomycete relatives of P. sojae, and may be applied as a criterion for prediction of oomycete centromeres. This work reveals a divergence of centromere features in oomycetes as compared to other organisms in the Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria (SAR) supergroup including diatoms and Plasmodium falciparum that have relatively short and simple regional centromeres. Identification of P. sojae centromeres in turn also advances the genome assembly.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32150559</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>21</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1553-7404</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>16</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PLoS genetics</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Genet</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Long transposon-rich centromeres in an oomycete reveal divergence of centromere features in Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria lineages.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e1008646</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008646</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Centromeres are chromosomal regions that serve as platforms for kinetochore assembly and spindle attachments, ensuring accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. Despite functional conservation, centromere DNA sequences are diverse and often repetitive, making them challenging to assemble and identify. Here, we describe centromeres in an oomycete Phytophthora sojae by combining long-read sequencing-based genome assembly and chromatin immunoprecipitation for the centromeric histone CENP-A followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). P. sojae centromeres cluster at a single focus at different life stages and during nuclear division. We report an improved genome assembly of the P. sojae reference strain, which enabled identification of 15 enriched CENP-A binding regions as putative centromeres. By focusing on a subset of these regions, we demonstrate that centromeres in P. sojae are regional, spanning 211 to 356 kb. Most of these regions are transposon-rich, poorly transcribed, and lack the histone modification H3K4me2 but are embedded within regions with the heterochromatin marks H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Strikingly, we discovered a Copia-like transposon (CoLT) that is highly enriched in the CENP-A chromatin. Similar clustered elements are also found in oomycete relatives of P. sojae, and may be applied as a criterion for prediction of oomycete centromeres. This work reveals a divergence of centromere features in oomycetes as compared to other organisms in the Stramenopila-Alveolata-Rhizaria (SAR) supergroup including diatoms and Plasmodium falciparum that have relatively short and simple regional centromeres. Identification of P. sojae centromeres in turn also advances the genome assembly.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fang</LastName><ForeName>Yufeng</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5440-2246</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coelho</LastName><ForeName>Marco A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5716-0561</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shu</LastName><ForeName>Haidong</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schotanus</LastName><ForeName>Klaas</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thimmappa</LastName><ForeName>Bhagya C</ForeName><Initials>BC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yadav</LastName><ForeName>Vikas</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2650-9035</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Han</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1396-4514</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malc</LastName><ForeName>Ewa P</ForeName><Initials>EP</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-4596-1142</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Jeremy</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-0673-9418</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mieczkowski</LastName><ForeName>Piotr A</ForeName><Initials>PA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kronmiller</LastName><ForeName>Brent</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tyler</LastName><ForeName>Brett M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-1549-2987</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanyal</LastName><ForeName>Kaustuv</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-6611-4073</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dong</LastName><ForeName>Suomeng</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-9623-6776</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nowrousian</LastName><ForeName>Minou</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0075-6695</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lehrstuhl fuer Molekulare und Zellulaere Botanik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Bochum, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heitman</LastName><ForeName>Joseph</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-6369-5995</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI050113</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R37 AI039115</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>09</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS Genet</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101239074</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1553-7390</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000076247">Centromere Protein A</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002843">Chromatin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002868">Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006570">Heterochromatin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006657">Histones</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056893" MajorTopicYN="N">Alveolata</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002503" MajorTopicYN="N">Centromere</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000076247" MajorTopicYN="N">Centromere Protein A</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002843" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromatin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D047369" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromatin Immunoprecipitation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="N">methods</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002868" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020090" MajorTopicYN="N">Chromosome Segregation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006570" MajorTopicYN="N">Heterochromatin</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006657" MajorTopicYN="N">Histones</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018386" MajorTopicYN="N">Kinetochores</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009868" MajorTopicYN="N">Oomycetes</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010838" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056901" MajorTopicYN="N">Rhizaria</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058009" MajorTopicYN="N">Stramenopiles</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><CoiStatement>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2019</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>19</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>7</Month><Day>22</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32150559</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pgen.1008646</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PGENETICS-D-19-01652</ArticleId><ArticleId 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Coelho</name><name sortKey="Heitman, Joseph" sort="Heitman, Joseph" uniqKey="Heitman J" first="Joseph" last="Heitman">Joseph Heitman</name><name sortKey="Kronmiller, Brent" sort="Kronmiller, Brent" uniqKey="Kronmiller B" first="Brent" last="Kronmiller">Brent Kronmiller</name><name sortKey="Malc, Ewa P" sort="Malc, Ewa P" uniqKey="Malc E" first="Ewa P" last="Malc">Ewa P. Malc</name><name sortKey="Mieczkowski, Piotr A" sort="Mieczkowski, Piotr A" uniqKey="Mieczkowski P" first="Piotr A" last="Mieczkowski">Piotr A. Mieczkowski</name><name sortKey="Schotanus, Klaas" sort="Schotanus, Klaas" uniqKey="Schotanus K" first="Klaas" last="Schotanus">Klaas Schotanus</name><name sortKey="Tyler, Brett M" sort="Tyler, Brett M" uniqKey="Tyler B" first="Brett M" last="Tyler">Brett M. Tyler</name><name sortKey="Wang, Jeremy" sort="Wang, Jeremy" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jeremy" last="Wang">Jeremy Wang</name><name sortKey="Yadav, Vikas" sort="Yadav, Vikas" uniqKey="Yadav V" first="Vikas" last="Yadav">Vikas Yadav</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shu, Haidong" sort="Shu, Haidong" uniqKey="Shu H" first="Haidong" last="Shu">Haidong Shu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Han" sort="Chen, Han" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Han" last="Chen">Han Chen</name><name sortKey="Dong, Suomeng" sort="Dong, Suomeng" uniqKey="Dong S" first="Suomeng" last="Dong">Suomeng Dong</name></country><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Thimmappa, Bhagya C" sort="Thimmappa, Bhagya C" uniqKey="Thimmappa B" first="Bhagya C" last="Thimmappa">Bhagya C. Thimmappa</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Sanyal, Kaustuv" sort="Sanyal, Kaustuv" uniqKey="Sanyal K" first="Kaustuv" last="Sanyal">Kaustuv Sanyal</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nowrousian, Minou" sort="Nowrousian, Minou" uniqKey="Nowrousian M" first="Minou" last="Nowrousian">Minou Nowrousian</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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